For lug nuts, I've been using a mixture of wheel bearing grease and as much graphite as I can _reasonably_ mix in. I mix it in a 35mm plastic film cannister. The first batch lasted me 25 years, and I'm still on my second batch after about 6 years. A _VERY_ small dab on the first thread or two of the lug and the inside of the lug nut is all I use. I sometimes have to remove lug nuts on the road or trail, and I don't carry power tools. The grease helps exclude water, and should the grease evaporate, there are still solids left behind to lube the threads. It's rather like poor mans anti-seize compound, which would be my second recommendation.
I distinguish between high- and low-temperature applications, and use the anti-seize for the oxygen sensor, exhaust manifold, and muffler bolts. I suspect anti-seize would also work on brake parts. I've used brass/bronze bore brushes to clean out interior threads in steel. I believe that starting with clean surfaces is important.
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